Non Reservation School, Tomah, Wisconsin, 1895

A cabinet card depicting a classroom in the Tomah Indian Industrial School. Forty-nine students. Miss Hoyt stands in the back.

Written on the back: "Non Reservation school. Tomah, Wisconsin. Chippewa and Winnebagos. Esther Hoyt – Teacher (1895) After she left Tomah she refused to teach in teach in any of the large Indian institutional schools. She was nine years at the San Ildefonso day school in New Mexico. She started the art program for students. This blossomed into a much larger art movement that included Maria Martinez, the potter, and Tonita Pina, the painter. She taught for 1 year at a day school in Nespelem, Washington at the Colville Indian Agency and at a mission day school in California. She was born in Indiana, and died in San Diego, CA, in 1942. In a recentpublication she has been referred to a renegade teacher of the BIA. Grant Little John”